PSYCHOLOGICAL PROBLEMS OF INTEGRATION TO THE ACTIVE SOCIAL LIFE OF A PERSON WITH SPECIAL NEEDS

Abstract

The article is devoted to the problem of disability, which has a tendency to increase and is the result of injury, contusion or mutilation due to hostilities in the east, deteriorating environmental conditions in Ukraine, increasing injuries and more. The author notes that the socio-psychological adaptation of people with disabilities is associated with the optimization of socio-psychological life of the individual, brought into line with its capabilities, needs and values. The development of a person with a disability, his self-awareness under the influence of various social factors leads to the fact that there may or may not be a resolution of contradictions, which ultimately leads to the adaptation or maladaptation of the individual. If new for the individual social values, types of behavior contradict the previously learned, which are part of his inner world, the balance between external and internal, there is a psychological dissonance. According to the author, it leads to the formation of negative mental qualities and characteristics of a person with a disability. In the process of internalization of social influence a person with a disability changes his old concepts, social norms, transforms them, ie there is an internal reorganization of the psychological structure, the inner world of the individual, which is usually accompanied by deep emotional experiences. People with special needs often face specific problems in various spheres of life that significantly affect their psychological state.The main groups of barriers that prevent people with disabilities from having a full social life are physical and psychological barriers. The main psychological barriers of people with disabilities are analyzed: communication barrier, barrier to business communication, emotional barrier. It is noted that Ukraine in the issues of social and psychological support and livelihood of people with special needs is still at the initial stage of its development and is taking the first steps towards approaching international standards. At the same time, modern European integration processes are forcing Ukraine to reconsider current approaches and existing opportunities to improve the situation of integration / reintegration and implement effective measures aimed at improving the lives of people with disabilities.