THEORETICAL AND METHODOLOGICAL FOUNDATIONS OF PSYCHOLOGICAL SUPPORT OF THE INDIVIDUAL

Abstract

The article provides a theoretical substantiation and systematization of the theoretical and methodological foundations of psychological support for the individual under contemporary social challenges. The relevance of the study is обусловлена the growing need for psychological support in the context of war-related events, global uncertainty, socio-economic transformations, and the digitalization of society. The purpose of the article is to define the essence of psychological support for the individual, its main principles, approaches, mechanisms, and directions of implementation. To achieve this aim, a set of theoretical methods was used, including analysis, synthesis, generalization, systematization, as well as comparative and interpretative analysis of modern scientific approaches. It is substantiated that psychological support constitutes an independent and comprehensive field of modern psychology, characterized by a pronounced preventive and developmental orientation and aimed at activating the individual’s internal resources, strengthening psychological resilience, and promoting self-realization. It has been established that the theoretical and methodological basis of psychological support lies in the integration of humanistic, cognitive-behavioral, existentialphenomenological, positive-psychological, and systemic-resource approaches. Special attention is given to the BASIC Ph resource model as an effective tool of psychological recovery under conditions of war and crises. An integrative model of psychological support for the individual is proposed, which includes diagnostic-assessment, stabilization-resource, developmental-corrective, and preventive-developmental blocks and is implemented at the individual, group, and sociosystemic levels. The main methods and technologies of psychological support are generalized, including psychological first aid, crisis counseling, motivational facilitation, resilience training, group work, integrative psychotechnologies, and selfhelp practices. It is proved that the effectiveness of psychological support is ensured by adherence to the principles of subjectivity, systemicity, contextuality, integrativity, resource orientation, safety, and ethics. Prospects for further research are associated with the empirical verification of the effectiveness of the proposed model and its adaptation to different categories of the population.