ETHNOPSYCHOLOGY OF CONFLICTS IN THE CONTEXT OF THE HISTORY OF PSYCHOLOGY: INDIVIDUAL DIFFERENCES AND POSSIBILITIES FOR PSYCHOLOGICAL COUNSELING, PSYCHOTHERAPY, PSYCHOPROPHYLAXIS, DEVELOPMENT OF TRAINING AND PSYCHOCORRECTIVE PROGRAMS

Abstract

The article examines the ethnopsychological factors of conflicts in the context of the history of psychological science and current trends in higher education. It is emphasized that conflicts between representatives of different ethnic groups are caused by both sociocultural differences and individual psychological characteristics of personality, which determine ways of responding to stressful situations and mechanisms of interpersonal interaction. Particular attention is paid to differential aspects, including the role of temperament, character traits, level of emotional stability, and styles of behavior in conflict, which is becoming increasingly relevant in the context of globalization processes and enhanced intercultural communication. The article also outlines the evolution of scientific approaches to understanding conflict: from classical concepts of the late 19th and early 20th centuries to contemporary interdisciplinary studies that integrate the achievements of ethnopsychology, the history of psychology, and conflict psychology. The importance of creating training courses on the basics of psychological training for higher education students majoring in psychology was emphasized, which would form not only theoretical knowledge but also practical skills for the psychoprophylaxis of conflict situations in a multicultural environment. The need to provide higher education students with basic knowledge of the theoretical foundations, principles, methods, and directions of psychocorrectional work was emphasized, primarily the basics of organizing the psychocorrectional process, the stages of interaction with the client, as well as the development of practical skills in applying psychocorrectional techniques in working with various types of behavioral and emotional disorders. The author’s vision of integrating ethnopsychological knowledge into the system of training psychologists through social and psychological training, psychological counseling, and psychocorrectional practices is proposed, which increases the level of professional competence of future specialists. The results of the study can be used in the educational process of higher education institutions, as well as in the practical activities of practicing psychologists during psychological counseling, social and psychological training, and psychocorrectional work.