Scientific Bulletin of Uzhhorod National University. Series: Psychology

CHARACTERISTICS OF LONELY MANIFESTATION IN YOUTH

S. Mashchak — 2025-03-25

The article presents a theoretical descriptive analysis of the feeling of loneliness among young people, the results of an empirical study. The feeling of loneliness among young people is a complex psychosocial phenomenon caused by many interrelated factors. Life satisfaction, psychological well-being, level of frustration, low self-esteem, social maladjustment, rigidity are determining factors thаt affect the strength and expressiveness of this feeling. It was established that the success of overcoming loneliness depends on the extent to which young men and women are able to choose adequate strategies for overcoming difficult life situations (coping strategies). To overcome this condition, it is necessary to promote the development of positive self-awareness, high self-esteem, the ability to adapt in society and support healthy interpersonal relationships. This is key to reducing feelings of isolation and loneliness. Loneliness of young people is a determinant of personal growth, self-analysis and achievement of inner harmony and peace. At the same time, in most cases, this feeling is accompanied by negative emotions: hostility, melancholy and social isolation, as it is caused by both internal and external factors, such as stress, problems in the family or social networks. With the help of cluster analysis, three types of subjects were established and, taking into account the indicators included in each of them, they received the appropriate names. The first type was named “Group of emotionally mature individuals”, the second type – “Group of people experiencing a chronic feeling of loneliness” and the third type was named – “Group of people with conflicting self-identification”.

RELATIONSHIP OF SPIRITUAL POTENTIAL AND PSYCHOLOGICAL WELL-BEING OF CHRISTIАN

S. Mashchak — 2025-03-25

The article discusses the theoretical aspects of the problem of the relationship between spiritual potential and psychological well-being of Christians. The main results of an empirical study of the problem of the relationship between spiritual potential and psychological well-being of Christians are presented. It is stated that spirituality and psychological well-being are psychological phenomena that are closely related. Psychological well-being is identified with happiness, and the understanding of happiness among Christians is faith, hope, and love. A person’s subjective psychological wellbeing includes their spiritual potential. Often, individuals look for someone in their environment who, in their opinion, has more experience, skills, and understanding in a particular area of life where they are having difficulties, in order to seek advice and thereby gain experience in certain issues. Sometimes people are helped by various practices in solving the difficulties of their lives; among Christians, such a practice may be faith in God. Spiritual potential is a complex system of a person's capabilities and resources that can be used for their spiritual growth and self-improvement. It is a driving force and incentive to search for a higher meaning of life and constant selfdevelopment. The empirical study was conducted in two stages and using a set of methods and techniques: theoretical and methodological analysis of the concept of spiritual potential and psychological well-being; A. Peruet-Badu's subjective wellbeing scale (adaptation of M. V. Sokolova), spiritual potential research methodology (O. L. Music), Raymond F. Palochka's spirituality scale, Ryff's Scales of Psychological Well-being scale, regression, descriptive and correlation analysis. Data collection was conducted online using the Google Form service, 80 people aged 27 to 61 years participated in the study. Focusing on respondents in the period of adulthood and maturity is due to the genesis of spirituality and spiritual potential as a psychological construct. It is at this stage that this phenomenon becomes aware, but retains a certain dynamics of development and variability. It has been established that psychological well-being, the feeling and perception of happiness, and the spiritual potential of a person are, in essence, the result of systematic and regular work on oneself by a person who tries to achieve harmony between the external and internal worlds in life, taking into account the anthropological components of the personality: spirit, soul, and body.

SELF-AWARENESS AS A PSYCHOLOGICAL PHENOMENON

L. Mishchykha — 2025-03-25

The article analyzes the phenomenon of self-awareness within psychological discourse. The structure of selfawareness is revealed as the unity of self-knowledge, self-esteem, and self-regulation. Self-awareness, understood as the comprehension of oneself, one’s attitude toward others and the world, is regarded as a state of complete self-acceptance and self-control over one’s thoughts, actions, and emotions. In this state, the individual acts as an active observer of their own mental states in the present moment, including manifestations and reactions to life events, comparing them with the ideal self-image in relation to the self-concept. It refers to the ability to consciously experience every given moment of life without becoming fixated on life situations that have already passed (and are therefore unchangeable) or those that have not yet occurred (but which the individual constantly anticipates). The concept of self-awareness is considered alongside the notions of identity and individuality. As the individual enters into various social relationships with the environment, they maintain the stability of their self-image across temporal dimensions—past, present, and future. The author notes that self-awareness is impossible without personal reflection, which centers on the self-analysis of one’s inner world, as well as the nature of interaction with others and one’s psychological state. Based on previous research conducted by the author (within the scope of this issue), the article concludes that mindfulness practices can be successfully applied in the work of clinical psychologists and psychotherapists as one of the effective approaches to personal growth and the development of self-awareness. The author suggests that future work will focus on a long-term longitudinal study of the impact of self-awareness practices on various aspects of personality functioning.

FEATURES OF EMOTIONAL TENSION IN WOMEN DURING MATERNITY WITH DIFFERENT LEVELS OF EMOTIONAL INTELLIGENCE

I. Dorozhko — 2025-03-25

The issue of emotional intelligence (EI) and its impact on emotional states is one of the current topics in modern psychology. EI is considered as the ability to recognize, understand, express, and manage both one’s own emotions and the emotional states of others. The purpose of the study is to identify the features of the manifestation of emotional tension in female mothers, taking into account the level of development of emotional intelligence and experience of motherhood. Recently, the issue of emotional intelligence has become even more popular in the works of both Ukrainian and foreign scientists. The research trend is aimed at identifying the connection between EI and other psychological properties of different categories of people. An important feature of emotional tension (ET) is its connection with crises that women experience during pregnancy, childbirth, the postpartum period, and when accepting a child as an independent person. It has been analyzed that in the context of motherhood, such crises are important periods of adaptation that require increased emotional resilience. It has been established that the level of EI development affects women’s ability to self-regulate, manage their emotions, and adapt to the challenges of motherhood. EI, as a substructure of social intelligence, contributes to more effective control over emotional reactions, improved social interaction, and increased resilience to stress. It has been established that women with a high level of emotional intelligence are able to better cope with emotional stress, maintaining internal harmony and preventing the development of emotional burnout. This study made it possible to identify the existence of a negative moderate correlation between the level of emotional tension and the level of emotional intelligence in women with a family experience of motherhood. The data obtained indicate that mothers with higher levels of emotional intelligence have lower levels of emotional tension. Based on this, it can be argued that emotional intelligence is a psychological factor that plays a significant role in shaping the level of emotional tension of a woman in motherhood. Among the recommendations for reducing the level of emotional tension (ET), the popularization of personal and group therapy is proposed as a way to understand one’s own and others’ emotions and their effective identification.

ASPECTS OF PSYCHOLOGICAL SAFETY AND RESILIENCE OF MILITARY SERVANTS OF THE SECURITY AND DEFENSE FORCES OF UKRAINE

U. Mykhailyshyn — 2025-03-25

The article carries out a theoretical and methodological study of the aspects of psychological safety and resilience of servicemen of the security and defense forces of Ukraine, which are components of the social and, accordingly, national security of the state. The conceptual principles of psychological safety and resilience of servicemen and their place in the national security system of Ukraine are analyzed. It is emphasized that psychological safety, when interacting with political, economic, informational and other components of the national security of Ukraine, affects the human environment, its quality of life; makes society stable, capable of development; guarantees minimal risk to life and maintenance of physical and mental health of people. It is proven that effective counteraction to negative informational and psychological influence and ensuring psychological stability of military personnel is possible through the formation of an appropriate and informational culture, which ensures not only the fulfillment of the service and combat mission, but also emphasizes its importance for the national security of the state through awareness of the political events that are taking place. It is emphasized that in the military environment, informational culture should be based on certain theoretical and methodological principles, be predictive and proactive, form value and social orientations and corporate military and professional values of military personnel of the security and defense forces of Ukraine.

THE PHENOMENON OF LOYALTY: GENERAL PSYCHOLOGICAL AND ECONOMIC-PSYCHOLOGICAL ASPECTS

Yu. Kiiko — 2025-03-25

The examination of loyalty is of considerable significance from psychological and economic viewpoints. Loyalty is a deep and diverse term. The topics to be examined encompass both emotional dimensions, such as connection, and intellectual dimensions, including economic judgments grounded upon meticulous calculations. Loyalty is essential for sustaining stability within social groups, such as organizations and business entities. Loyalty, in a psychological context, is founded on a sense of attachment and ethical obligation that an individual experiences toward a person, group, or institution. In 2007, scholars J. Haidt and C. Joseph proposed that loyalty promotes social cohesion among communities and functions as a fundamental moral principle. Loyalty compels individuals to behave in the group's interests, even at the expense of their personal benefits. Emotional attachment is the root cause of the tendency to prioritize the group's needs over individual interests, which explains why loyalty frequently endures in difficult circumstances. The core demographic responsible for the majority of revenue generation is loyal customers, which is why loyalty is essential in the economy and company. Retaining existing consumers is significantly less expensive than acquiring new ones. In a competitive market, cultivating loyal relationships is a crucial factor in formulating business strategies. Loyalty is essential in influencing consumer behavior and building enduring relationships between a firm and its clientele. By comprehending the psychological underpinnings of loyalty and integrating this insight into business strategy, one may establish robust commercial ventures and cultivate resilient, profitable brands.

THE CIVILIAN WAR-RELATED CHRONIC STRESS SCALE (CWCS-S): FROM PCL-C ADAPTATION TO A NEW DIAGNOSTIC TOOL

T. Ivanova — 2025-03-25

The article presents the process of adapting the PTSD Checklist – Civilian Version (PCL-C) and its transformation into a new diagnostic tool – the Civilian War-related Chronic Stress Scale (CWCS-S). A three-factor structure of the method was identified, reflecting the main aspects of civilians’ psychological response to prolonged war threat: traumatic reactivity (intrusive memories, hypervigilance, increased reactivity to triggers), emotional isolation (detachment from others, emotional numbing, loss of interest in usual activities), and cognitive avoidance (avoidance of thoughts, conversations, and situations related to war). The study was conducted in several stages: (1) initial adaptation of PCL-C considering the specifics of civilians’ war experience (focus groups, expert evaluations); (2) pilot study with 58 respondents; (3) main study with 788 participants (365 residents of frontline territories, 212 internally displaced persons, 211 residents of relatively safe regions). Factor analysis confirmed the three-factor structure of the method (total explained variance 67.3%). Internal consistency of factors (Cronbach’s α) was 0.89, 0.85, and 0.83 respectively. Convergent validity was confirmed by correlations with the Mississippi Scale (r = 0.69), Impact of Event Scale (r = 0.65), and HADS (r = 0.62-0.64). Test-retest reliability (n = 124, 3-week interval) for the total score was r = 0.82, for factors r = 0.79-0.84. CWCS-S demonstrates good psychometric properties and can be used to assess the psychological state of civilians under conditions of prolonged war. Unlike classical PTSD assessment tools, the scale takes into account the specifics of chronic stress state arising from constant war threat and allows differentiation of various aspects of psychological adaptation to prolonged military conflict.

WHEN TRAUMA SPEAKS THE LANGUAGE OF LONELINESS

R. Tkachuk — 2025-03-25

The article presents a theoretical and empirical study of the peculiarities of experiencing loneliness in adulthood. The theoretical part of the work was based on a systematic analysis of scientific and theoretical research on the problem of adult loneliness and the causes of its occurrence. On the basis of theoretical searches and generalizations, a program of empirical verification of certain provisions was developed. The validity and reliability of the results were ensured by the scientific and methodological validity of the study, the use of methods adequate to the tasks and the representativeness of the sample. The article attempts to integrate scientific positions on the problem of loneliness among adults who have experience of close relationships. The subject of the study was defined by the peculiarities of experiencing loneliness in the period of middle adulthood. The article focused on the peculiarities of experiencing loneliness by adults as a consequence of their invisible childhood wounds. The generalization of scientific research made it possible to define loneliness in adults as a subjective feeling of isolation, emotional or social disconnection, regardless of the actual presence of other people in life. It occurs when the need for emotional closeness or social support is not met, and is often accompanied by feelings of emptiness, anxiety, or even shame. The article notes that the loneliness experienced by many adults often has its roots in traumatic events experienced in childhood. It is clarified that the traumatic experience of childhood can manifest itself in violations of emotional regulation, distrust of the partner, low self-esteem, the formation of destructive partnerships, and emotional rigidity. The empirical research has shown that loneliness in adulthood often has deep psychological roots, but one of the key ways to overcome it is to experience close relationships built on trust. These relationships become a kind of “healing space” in which a person can rethink their beliefs, experience emotional security, and find new meaning in their connections with others. In a close relationship, partners learn a new experience of trust through acceptance, self-disclosure, and confidence development; receive physical and emotional support; and learn to experience a state of emotional and physical safety. By gaining new relationship experiences, partners finally have the opportunity to heal from emotional isolation and become emotionally open and vulnerable again.

PHANTOM PAIN OF A SERVICEMAN’S PERSONALITY AS A SPECIAL UNIT OF PSYCHOLOGICAL ANALYSIS

O. Khmiliar — 2025-03-25

A traumatic amputation sustained by a serviceman in the Russian-Ukrainian war not only leads to complex health problems, but also affects all aspects of his daily life, mobility, body image and psychosocial adaptation. The post-operative period of life for a serviceman with an amputated limb is accompanied by unbearable phantom pain. This scientific article explores phantom pain as a kind of psychophysiological condition that reflects the sensory, emotional and cognitive spheres of a serviceman’s life. Considering the genesis of phantom pain, which can be delayed for months and even years, the authors analyse how the intensity of its manifestation is related to the age of the serviceman, the level of amputation, psycho-emotional support and a number of other individual or typological characteristics. It is stated that phantom pain is often generated by a thought that precedes a future holistic motor action. Providing corporeality, phantom pain thereby signals to a person that the pain has a body. Specific forms of phantom pain modulation at different stages of limb amputation have also been identified. The authors pay special attention to establishing the relationship between phantom pain and the emotional reactions of a soldier with an amputated limb. It is outlined that the power of their expression can cause a soldier to obtain a narcissistic wound, make him more selfish, mournful, mischievous, increase existential uncertainty, holistic reflections and negative expectations. The authors' opinions are supported by the memories of wounded soldiers with amputated limbs, which reinforce and clearly illustrate the problem of studying phantom pain. Amputation of a limb is not a final sentence in a soldier's life, but it leads to depression, loss of meaning in life and constant thoughts of death due to one's own weakness. The process of adaptation to new changes in the structure of the body of a wounded soldier is quite long in time and requires titanic efforts in rehabilitation measures and further adaptation to normal living conditions and psychosocial adaptation. Overcoming phantom pain is an extremely difficult task, but the prospects for its study are a dominant value for saving the life of a wounded soldier with an amputated limb and relieving his suffering.

SCIENTIFIC AND PSYCHOLOGICAL ANALYSIS OF THE RESEARCH OF THE PROBLEM OF POST-TRAUMATIC STRESS DISORDER IN UKRAINE

A. Zymianskyi — 2025-03-25

The article is devoted to the problem of post-traumatic stress disorder as one of the most common mental disorders, which arises as a result of experienced traumatic events. It attempts a scientific and psychological analysis of the study of this phenomenon in Ukraine with the aim of a comprehensive understanding of the nature and development of PTSD. The problem of PTSD in Ukraine is aggravated by the war, which brings the mortality of the population, the destruction of infrastructure and constant aggression. The probability of developing PTSD in the context of military conflict among military personnel, internally displaced persons and refugees remains particularly high. The impact of traumatic stress requires special attention from specialists to develop coping methods aimed at restoring mental balance and improving adaptive mechanisms of victims. The article highlights the symptoms of post-traumatic stress disorder associated with functional disorders. The factors affecting the dynamics of the psychological state of persons who were in the combat zone and were exposed to psychotraumatic factors, as well as risk factors causing PTSD, are specified. Traumatic events leading to the development of PTSD can be the result of both single and multiple or repeated experiences. The clinical picture of post-traumatic stress disorder is determined by the individual psychological characteristics of the individual and the pathoplastic background. Early detection of PTSD is critical to preventing the long-term effects of this disorder. The use of psychodiagnostic methods, such as PTSD testing and quality of life analysis, allows identifying symptoms in the early stages. This provides an opportunity to introduce complex therapy, including social support, adaptive strategies and psychotherapy, aimed at reducing the impact of traumatic experiences on the personality.

MODELS OF PERSONALITY BURNOUT

A. Ivasiuk — 2025-03-25

The article explores the syndrome of emotional burnout as a multidimensional psycho-emotional state that arises under prolonged stress in professional activities. The author focuses on the specific challenges faced by military personnel, highlighting factors contributing to emotional exhaustion. Key burnout models are examined, including the one-factor model (A. Pines, E. Aronson), two-factor model (D. Dierendonck, W. Schaufeli), three-factor model (C. Maslach, S. Jackson), and dynamic model (J. Greenberg), which provide insights into different aspects of the syndrome. Special attention is given to analyzing the factors contributing to the development of burnout syndrome among military personnel, including professional instability, constant intrapersonal conflict, high communicative demands, and adaptation to new service conditions. The main symptoms of emotional burnout are analyzed, encompassing psychophysiological (chronic fatigue, insomnia, physical exhaustion), socio-psychological (emotional indifference, irritability, isolation), and behavioral manifestations (reduced work efficiency, avoidance of responsibilities). The author emphasizes the distinction between burnout and other psycho-emotional disorders, such as secondary traumatic stress. Burnout is described as a dynamic process that can progress through several stages, from initial enthusiasm to severe physical and psychological consequences. The article highlights the universal nature of burnout, which is not limited to “human-human” professions but is relevant to a wide range of fields. The article offers recommendations for implementing adaptive preventive strategies to strengthen the psycho-emotional resilience of military personnel. These strategies include fostering emotional awareness, developing effective communication skills, and creating a supportive work environment. The conclusion emphasizes the necessity of a comprehensive approach to preventing and addressing emotional burnout, considering socio-psychological and professional factors.

PSYCHOLOGICAL OUTLINES OF THE STUDY OF THE PHENOMENON OF MANAGERIAL COMPETENCE OF AIR FORCE OPERATIONAL-LEVEL OFFICERS

O. Kovalenko — 2025-03-25

This article examines the psychological aspects of managerial competence among officers of the Air Force of the Armed Forces of Ukraine at the operational level. The research analyzes scientific approaches to defining key concepts including “management,” “leadership,” “command,” “managerial activity,” and “managerial competence.” The findings indicate that management encompasses a broader scope, involving strategic analysis, organization, and control of all processes, including planning, coordination, and oversight of organizational activities. The conceptual framework of command as a function of Air Force officers’ managerial activity at the operational level is explored. The study establishes that command constitutes a component of management within the military domain, implemented through specific orders and instructions, and involves individual decision-making, whereas management may incorporate collective strategic decision-making. Command is identified as a complex, dynamic process that maintains organizational structure, optimizes activities, and facilitates goal achievement. The research demonstrates that command is intrinsically linked to officers’ self-development, the formation of optimal behavioral models, and enhanced manageability of military systems. Furthermore, the development of command capabilities correlates with military specialists’ self-improvement, the establishment of appropriate behavioral models, and effective military systems management. The managerial competence of operational-level Air Force officers is founded on four key components: cognitive-activity, personal-motivational, emotional-regulatory, and leadershiporganizational. The study concludes that managerial competence serves as a critical determinant in effective command and quality management of Air Force military units and subdivisions.

FEATURES OF DEPROFESSIONALIZATION OF MILITARY SERVICEMEN CAUSED BY ADDICTIVE BEHAVIORAL FACTORS

V. Moroz — 2025-03-25

The article presents the results of a study on the prevalence of behavioral addictions among military personnel and their impact on the development of deprofessionalization of military personnel. The most common types of behavioral addictions among military personnel are identified. In the group of subjects, the most common behavioral addictions are labor, urgency and computer/online game addictions, love addiction and healthy lifestyle addiction. At the same time, more than twenty percent of the surveyed servicemen showed signs of deprofessionalization (emotional exhaustion, depersonalization, reduction of personal achievements) at an average and above average level. The comparative analysis showed that servicemen with experience in combat operations after the beginning of russia’s large-scale invasion of Ukraine had significantly higher rates of deprofessionalization (emotional exhaustion, depersonalization, total burnout and deformation), and addictive behavior (addiction to interpersonal and intersex relationships, addiction to social networks and Internet surfing, gambling and gambling for money, cybercommunication, television and religious addiction, as well as the total addiction index and the general addiction propensity index). The results suggest that the performance of combat missions in conditions associated with a high risk to health and life and under the influence of combat stressors provoke the development of behavioral addictions and, as a result, deprofessionalization of servicemen. The correlations between the indicators of deprofessionalization of military personnel and the indicators of the severity of various behavioral addictions are analyzed. Prognostic regression models for indicators of deprofessionalization of servicemen are built and analyzed.

COACHING AND TRAINING AS TOOLS FOR DEVELOPING LEADERSHIP QUALITIES

O. Cherniakova — 2025-03-25

The article examines the importance of training technologies and coaching in the process of forming students’ leadership competencies. A theoretical analysis of key concepts, in particular leadership, leadership qualities and methods of their development in the educational environment, is conducted. It is determined that leadership is an important factor in the professional development of an individual, and the development of leadership competencies contributes to increasing the level of responsibility, strategic thinking, communication skills and adaptability of future specialists to modern challenges. Particular attention is paid to socio-psychological training (SPT) as an effective tool for forming leadership qualities. It is determined that the training methodology ensures not only the acquisition of knowledge, but also contributes to its consolidation through practical activities, interaction in groups and reflection. It is emphasized that the success of implementing training in the educational process depends on a number of factors, in particular, on the level of training of the trainer, the correct selection of exercises and their timely use. Incorrect or untimely application of training methods can lead to a decrease in the effectiveness of classes, an increase in the level of tension among participants or a decrease in their motivation. In addition, the article considers coaching as a method of personal development, which involves the disclosure of students’ internal potential, strengthening their motivation to study and the formation of self-development skills. It is determined that the coaching method contributes to the formation of independence in decision-making, the development of emotional intelligence and increased responsibility for the results of activities. In order to empirically verify the effectiveness of the implementation of coaching and training, we conducted an experimental study. In general, the results obtained in the process of empirical research are consistent with the results of a theoretical review of the scientific literature. We concluded that coaching and training are effective tools for developing the leadership qualities of a person, in particular, of students. The prospects for further research are outlined, including an empirical analysis of the impact of training methods on the level of students’ leadership competencies, determining the optimal conditions for their effective application in the educational process, as well as the development of comprehensive leadership development programs that combine training, coaching and mentoring approaches.

FEATURES OF PROFESSIONAL BURNOUT DEPENDING ON THE MECHANISMS OF PSYCHOLOGICAL PROTECTION OF THE PERSON

T. Yanovska — 2025-03-25

This article is devoted to the theoretical and practical analysis of the problem of studying professional burnout and the role of psychological defense mechanisms of the individual. The essence of the phenomenon of professional burnout in the psychological literature is characterized. The symptoms and determinants of professional burnout of the individual are analyzed. It is emphasized that professional burnout of specialists is characterized by a pronounced set of symptoms of disturbance in the mental, somatic and social spheres of a person's life. Symptoms of the "professional burnout" syndrome can vary from mild behavioral reactions to psychosomatic and neurotic disorders, and signs of burnout can differ individually in individual individuals. Modern approaches to the interpretation of the mechanisms of psychological protection of the individual are studied and substantiated. It is emphasized that psychological protection mechanisms and coping behavior are considered as the most important forms of adaptation processes and the individual's response to stressful situations, which complement each other. The methodological foundations of empirical research on professional burnout and mechanisms of psychological protection of the individual are analyzed: studying the features of psychological burnout and emotional burnout, determining the lifestyle index, diagnosing the dominant strategy of psychological protection in communication and the level of social frustration. This psychodiagnostic complex of techniques corresponds to the specifics of the phenomenon under study and allows us to reveal various aspects of studying the features of professional burnout depending on the mechanisms of psychological protection of the individual. The organization of the empirical study and the results of psychodiagnostics of the features of professional burnout depending on the mechanisms of psychological protection of the individual are analyzed: determination of the features of the level of manifestation of emotional burnout of teachers; analysis of the formation of symptoms of emotional burnout in teachers, characteristics of the dominant mechanisms of psychological defense in teachers and their relationship with professional burnout, analysis of the dominant strategy of psychological defense in teachers' communication, characteristics of the level of social frustration in teachers.

DYNAMIC MEDITATION IN ACADEMIC ROWING

K. Dymov — 2025-03-25

The population of Ukraine is experiencing a strong influence of stress on the psyche, and the number of neuroses has increased significantly. Medical institutions are unable to cope with the flow of people in need of psychotherapeutic assistance, and the initial forms of neurosis are turning into chronic pathologies. In this regard, there was a need to create a method that provides protection against nervous system disruptions and treatment of neurotic reactions. For many athletes, the word ‘meditation’ has a mysterious character and is associated with supernatural forces, which is due to a lack of understanding of the nature of the human psychophysiological state. This paper shows the possibility of using dynamic meditation in sports to treat athletes with neurotic reactions. To obtain a therapeutic effect, the principle of intensive breathing and physical activity in a competitive mode with concentration on a psychotraumatic situation was used The results obtained showed that this method of treating neurotic reactions is convenient for rowers, as it does not disrupt their usual training on the concept and on the water. The proposed method can be used independently for preventive and therapeutic purposes. A distance of 2000 m for 10-12 minutes is enough to have a therapeutic effect in the case of neurotic reactions. Athletes can enter the state of dynamic meditation with the treatment of neurosis (ICD 10: F40-F48) if they focus on the cause of their disease. Immersion in the state of dynamic meditation occurs on the basis of psychophysiological mechanisms inherent in humans. During treatment, it is necessary to focus on internal sensations, which will lead to dynamic meditation with distraction from external stimuli. This practice will develop the athlete’s sensory abilities, increase muscle activity, enhance concentration, increase mental activity by stimulating brain neurons, and improve organ circulation.

AUTOMATED TREATMENT OF NEUROSIS

K. Dymov — 2025-03-25

The article shows the possibility of treatment of neurosis (ICD-10: F48.0) in athletes training on the concept. The method developed by us includes some principles that induce meditative states, which allows to quickly restore psycho-emotional balance and get rid of pathological symptomatology. In those cases when it is not possible to carry out the method with physical load on the concept in reality, the ideomotor act with the representation of movements characteristic of rowing comes to the rescue. In this way, the range of therapeutic reach of sick individuals can be significantly extended. The aim of the study is to show the effectiveness of the automated method of prevention and treatment of neurosis (ICD-10: F48.0). Athletes, during training on the concepts, initially perform, in the sagittal plane, arbitrary head bobbing in time with the movement of the legs, changing after a few minutes into automatic bobbing with changes in amplitude and frequency. Automatic head bobbing spontaneously ceases after 1-3 minutes and a meditative state ensues, in which the signs of the disease disappear. The conducted analysis of the therapeutic effect on the body of an athlete training on the concept has shown that in academic rowing there are recovery mechanisms described in the methods of Osho’s dynamic meditation, automated head movements, the method of desensitization and processing by eye movements (DPDG) of F. Shapiro, ideomotor act and autosuggestion. All these methods are tested in the therapeutic practice of psychotherapists and do not require additional experimental evidence of their effectiveness. The combination of the use of these methods in the training process on the concept is done automatically according to the technique of rowing, except that the meditative state is used for accelerated and gentle processing of conflict and stressful situations with the mandatory concentration of attention on the cause of the disease, and in cases of psychosomatic diseases – on the organs or symptoms of the disease. In the absence of any diseases there is spontaneous prevention of diseases with normalization of psychoemotional state,accelerated recovery of organism, increased reactivity. Thus, rowing provides unique opportunities in terms of recovery and development of the organism. In addition, by regulating the physical load on the concept, it is possible to apply the method for different categories of people, if physical load is not contraindicated for them, otherwise the therapeutic session is carried out in a sitting or lying position.

ON THE QUESTION OF IMPROVED ATTITUDES OF YOUTH TOWARDS MARRIAGE AND FAMILY LIFE

O. Adamova — 2025-03-25

The article analyzes the issue of improving young people’s attitudes towards marriage and family life and makes some recommendations in this direction. It is concluded that, given the prevalence of premarital cohabitation, more couples than ever before are coming to marital therapy with historical, age-related problems related to the level and nature of their commitments. If one does not have a particularly strong feeling, the couple may need help in identifying and resolving the problem of the level of commitment in the relationship. The benefit of therapeutic meetings is that they are designed to help participants more fully, clearly and mutually declare their commitment to a shared future. It is established that the adoption of new mutual commitments, even if this occurs at a late stage of the relationship, can help a couple to adhere to the obligations of marriage in difficult times. Such efforts may help some couples find a stronger motivational basis for other changes that may be needed at this time in their marriage, supporting the development or resurgence of shared and long-term motivations as they grapple with the current challenges that have arisen. It is noted that, given that cohabitation has become common, it is unreasonable to assume that couples who enter marital therapy are on a comparable path to relationship development. Cohabitation has changed the way couples form and individuals enter into marriage. However, marital problems only make matters worse, leading to the need for appropriate counseling, which is an excellent way to resolve marital problems. Such counseling may involve several sessions with a psychologist, which is an excellent way to address relationship problems on “neutral ground”. It also provides the opportunity to receive expert advice that will help determine the cause of the problem. It is concluded that the secret to successful counseling is adherence to a plan. Therefore, successful counseling will be that which is accompanied by compliance with the recommendations provided by the specialist, a systematic and responsible attitude to therapy, and a mutually responsible attitude of the couple towards resolving problems and conflicts.

FACTOR MODEL OF PROACTIVITY OF FUTURE TECHNICAL SPECIALISTS

A. Volianiuk — 2025-03-25

The article is devoted to highlighting the results of an empirical study aimed at constructing and interpreting a factor model of proactivity of future technical specialists. The total sample size involved in this study is 240 people. Empirical generalization of the set of variables was carried out using the principal component analysis method and minimizing the number of variables by maximizing the variance of loadings in the factors, the number of which was determined using the Kaiser criterion. Information is provided on the scales of psychodiagnostic techniques that were involved in the factor analysis procedure. As a result of the factor analysis of the proactivity of future technical specialists, nine factors were identified, covering 76.89% of the variance. Based on the obtained high indicator of the total variance, a conclusion was made about the factorization of a significant part of the data set. The first factor, called «from forecast to action», indicates the presence of close interaction between the indicators of the cognitive and volitional components of proactivity of future engineers. The factor loadings of the scales that formed the second factor made it possible to identify it as «internal control». Considering the content of the factor loadings, the third factor was called «activity reflection». Analysis of the psychological variables included in the fourth factor allowed us to define it as a factor of «value attitude towards oneself». The fifth factor was called «prosocial orientation», and the sixth – «assessment of one’s own self». Considering the content of the factor loading of the seventh factor allows it to be identified as «projecting the future». The eighth factor was called «responsible attitude towards others», and the ninth – «responsible attitude towards activity». The chosen statistical method made it possible to build an empirical model of the proactivity of future engineers and to clarify the internal conditions that determine its development.

CURRENT PROBLEMS OF REHABILITATION AND PROFESSIONAL INTEGRATION OF MILITARY SERVANTS

I. Kobets — 2025-03-25

In the modern world, where conflicts and military actions continue to take place, the need to develop effective rehabilitation approaches and programs is becoming increasingly important. Therefore, this article is aimed at deepening the understanding of the processes of veterans’ rehabilitation and highlighting the results of the analysis of effective strategies for their further support and integration into society. The purpose of the article is to describe the existing scientific aspects of the rehabilitation of military veterans, models that reflect its procedural nature, positive and negative manifestations of veterans during their integration into society, as well as important psychological issues of rehabilitation. The article notes that the object of this study is the professional rehabilitation of veterans, and the subject is the theoretical and psychological foundations of the specified process. The research methodology, presented in this article, is based relies on an interdisciplinary approach that combines psychological, military and sociological paradigms and methods. An integrative approach to research allows taking into account all aspects of veterans’ rehabilitation, ensuring the creation and implementation of more effective and comprehensive support programs. The combination of knowledge from different disciplines contributes to a better understanding of the needs of veterans and the development of individualized solutions for their successful integration into society. The article also reveals the main components of vocational rehabilitation. It contains a description of scientifically developed approaches to the rehabilitation and professional integration of military personnel, models of these processes developed by scientists, established psychological manifestations of veterans during adaptation to peaceful life, and basic concepts (emotional stability, stress adaptation, resilience, formation of positive self-perception, social support) that reveal the features of the psychological aspect of integration.

DIAGNOSTIC MODEL FOR ASSESSING THE PSYCHOLOGICAL STATE OF INDIVIDUALS WHO HAVE EXPERIENCED WAR-RELATED LOSS

K. Kokosh — 2025-03-25

The article explores the issue of mourning among women who have suffered losses due to war and examines the emotional, cognitive, and social aspects of their condition. Five main categories of study participants were identified: women who have lost their husbands; women starting a new life after loss; mothers facing challenges in raising children without their husbands; women whose husbands are in captivity; and women whose husbands are serving on the front line. The study analyzes the specific psychological difficulties faced by each category, including anxiety, uncertainty, fear of loss, depressive symptoms, social isolation, and emotional exhaustion. The research methodology included an initial psychological assessment using the IES-R, BDI, and PHQ-9 scales, which allowed for an evaluation of the level of traumatization and the identification of participants’ key psychological needs. The results showed that the highest levels of depressive symptoms and incomplete mourning were observed among women whose husbands were either in captivity or serving on the front line. These women often experience intrusive thoughts, feelings of hopelessness, difficulties in accepting the reality of loss, sleep disturbances, and somatic stress reactions. A psychological support approach for these women is proposed through the development of a group psychological correction program that takes into account the unique needs of each category. This program includes stabilization techniques, cognitive-behavioral therapy methods, trauma-focused interventions, and psychoeducation. A particular focus is placed on creating a safe environment for discussing experiences and building supportive communities. Additionally, the article justifies the necessity of integrating psychological support into social rehabilitation programs for women who have lost loved ones due to military actions. The study outlines perspectives for further research aimed at adapting effective therapeutic models to the specific experiences of Ukrainian women who have suffered losses due to war.

COMPARATIVE ANALYSIS OF THE FEATURES OF PSYCHOSOCIAL INTERVENTIONS IN THE COURSE OF PSYCHOLOGICAL ASSISTANCE FOR IDP CHILDREN WHO HAVE SUFFERED FROM THE WAR

O. Lazarenko — 2025-03-25

The article provides a review and analysis of psychosocial interventions within various psychological assistance programs applied in crisis conditions for internally displaced children. The study examines and highlights the characteristics, goals, and content of such interventions in Bosnia for children and their internally displaced guardians at a psychological center in Tuzla; in Palestine for internally displaced children; as well as compares relevant data collected in Ukraine regarding the content of interventions provided in child-friendly spaces since March 2022. Based on specified criteria (name, content of interventions, program duration, number of participants, purpose and objectives of application, nature, involvement of other types of services, results), a comparative analysis of different types of psychosocial interventions used for internally displaced children affected by war has been conducted. The study applies theoretical and methodological analysis, an analysis of the effectiveness of psychosocial interventions, and a comparative analysis. Using these methods, an assessment was carried out, leading to conclusions about the effectiveness of interventions, which were found to be insufficient to impact complex and deep psychological disorders and did not lead to statistically significant changes. The remaining data, particularly those collected in Ukraine, require thorough and detailed analysis and a description of intervention content using test indicators and measurement results. The findings revealed significant gaps in the description of intervention content, the appropriateness of their application based on scientifically proven effectiveness, as well as insufficient data on the impact of psychotraumatic events on children and existing discrepancies in this regard. The formulated recommendations emphasize the necessity of implementing comprehensive and mobile innovative approaches, especially in ongoing crisis situations or military conflicts.

POLITICAL PERCEPTIONS THROUGH THE PRISM OF NARCISSISM: AN INDIVIDUAL-THEORETICAL ANALYSIS

Ye. Hruchman — 2025-03-25

The article examines the influence of narcissistic personality traits on the formation of political perceptions and behaviour. The analysis is based on the integration of theoretical approaches of individual and social psychology, which allows us to explore how internal cognitive biases, emotional regulation and self-identification affect political orientation. The author reveals the essence of narcissism as a complex phenomenon characterised by an inflated sense of self-importance, the need for admiration and the expectation of special treatment, which becomes the basis for political attitudes dominated by the principles of self-assertion and social hierarchy. The analysis indicates that narcissism increases the tendency to selectively process political information and forms cognitive mechanisms that lead to externalisation of blame for political failures, thus supporting ideological rigidity. Emotional aspects, in particular the phenomenon of narcissistic rage, intensify reactions to criticism and contribute to the emergence of aggressive political attitudes that manifest themselves in support of authoritarian and populist tendencies. Particular attention is paid to the interaction of individual traits with social factors, in particular, the role of self-identification and collective narcissism in shaping political preferences and intergroup relations. In the context of the current political transformations in Ukraine, the article emphasises the relevance of narcissism analysis for understanding the basis of political polarisation and identity, which is especially important given the historical, cultural and socio-political factors of the region. The article also contains a critical analysis of existing methodological approaches to measuring narcissistic traits, pointing to the need to develop more accurate psychometric instruments for further research. Both positive and negative effects of narcissism on political processes are highlighted, which allows us to propose new directions for future research in the field of political psychology and the development of practical strategies to reduce the negative dynamics of intergroup conflicts.